Light, Colour, Vision

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Articles

This is an index of all the articles published to date:

Contents, Foreword, & Introduction

Light and the Preconditions for Visual Perception

Sense-making and sense-maker

The Visual Pathway

Resources

This section contains an index of all the RESOURCE LIBRARY pages.
RESOURCE LIBRARY pages are laid out as follows:

1. Featured image
2. Download options for the featured image.
3. Questions and answers
4. Explanations
5. Summary of key terms
6. Additional information

1530 RGB Colours

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1530 RGB Colours

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256 RGB Colours Between Blue and Magenta

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256 RGB Colours Between Cyan and Blue

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256 RGB Colours Between Green and Cyan

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256 RGB Colours Between Magenta and Red

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256 RGB Colours Between Red and Yellow

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256 RGB Colours Between Yellow and Green

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256 RGB Colours: Blue to Magenta

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256 RGB Colours: Cyan to Blue

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256 RGB Colours: Green to Cyan

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256 RGB Colours: Magenta to Red

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256 RGB Colours: Red to Yellow

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256 RGB Colours: Yellow to Green

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A Rainbow is an Optical Effect

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Actual and Observed Position of an Object in Water

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Adding Colours Between RGB Primaries

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Adding RGB Colours between Primaries

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Alexander’s Band

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Angle of Deviation in a Raindrop

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Angles of Deflection & Deviation

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Angles of Deviation

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Angular Distance & Raindrop Colour

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Bands of Colour from Red to Violet

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Blue Light Projected onto a Dark Surface

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Calculating the Frequency of Electromagnetic Waves

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Chromatic Dispersion of a Ray of White Light

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Chromatic Dispersion of Red Green and Blue Wavelengths

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CMY Subtractive Colour Model

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Colour Brightness & Angular Distance

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Colours Between RGB Primaries

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Combining Different Wavelengths of Light to make White

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Combining Red, Green and Blue Light

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Comparing Frequencies of Red and Violet

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Comparing Wavelengths of Red and Violet

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Comparing Wavelengths: Radio to Gamma

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Continuous Colour from Red to Violet

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Deflection and Dispersion in Raindrops

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Digital Screens use the RGB Colour Model

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Dispersion in a Raindrop

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Electric and Magnetic Properties of Light

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Electromagnetic spectrum

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Facts about Sunlight

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Facts about the Sun

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Facts about White Light

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FAQs: SVG animation

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Features of Electromagnetic Waves

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Frequency of Electromagnetic Waves

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Green Light Projected onto a Dark Surface

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Greyscale: Disks

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Greyscale: Disks

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How to See a Rainbow

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How to Use the Refractive Index of a Medium

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HSB Additive Colour Model

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HSB Colour Model: Disks

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HSB Colour Model: Disks

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HSB Colour Model: Hue and Brightness

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HSB Colour Model: Hue and Brightness

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HSB Colour Model: Hue and Saturation

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HSB Colour Model: Hue and Saturation

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HSB Colour Model: Hue, Saturation and Brightness

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HSB Colour Model: Wedges

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HSB Colour Model: Wedges

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HSB Greyscale: Wedges

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HSB Greyscale: Wedges

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Hue and Greyscale

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Human Eye Eyeball and Retina

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Human Eye in Cross Section

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Human Eye in Cross Section

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Introduction to Rainbows

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Introduction to Reflection, Refraction and Dispersion

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Introduction to Vision

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Long Waves to Short Waves

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Making Spectral Colour using the RGB Colour Model

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Minimum Angle of Deviation

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Mixing Primary Colours in Different Proportions

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Mixing RGB Primary Colours

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Observed Colour of Raindrops

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Overlapping Beams of Blue and Red Light Make Magenta

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Overlapping Beams of Cyan, Magenta and Yellow

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References

This section contains an index of all the REFERENCE LIBRARY pages.
REFERENCE LIBRARY pages are formatted either as Definitions or Summaries.

About terms

Absorption

Accommodation

Achromatic

Additive colour

Additive colour

Adobe RGB colour space

Amacrine cell

Amplitude

Amplitude

Analogous colours

Angle of incidence

Angle of incidence

Angle of reflection

Angle of reflection

Angle of refraction

Angle of refraction

Atom

Attributes of visual perception

Bands of colour

Bands of colour

Bipolar cells

Black body

Brightness

Chemical bond

Chromatic dispersion

Chromatic dispersion

Chromophore

Colour

Colour

Colour constancy

Colour model

Colour model

Colour notation

Colour of objects

Colour of objects

Colour vision

Colour vision

Colour wheel

Colour wheel

Complementary

Compound

Cone cell

Cone cell

Continuous spectrum

Cosmic Microwave Background

Cosmic microwave background

Crest

Crest

Crest and trough

Crest and trough

Critical angle

Critical angle

Crown glass

Defuse reflection

Diffusion

Digital printing

Dispersion

Dispersion

Display device

Electric and magnetic fields

Electric and magnetic fields

Electric field

Electric field

Electromagnetic energy

Electromagnetic field

Electromagnetic field

Electromagnetic force

Electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic spectrum

Electromagnetic spectrum

Electromagnetic wave

Electromagnetic wave

Electromagnetism

Electronvolt

Electronvolt

Element

Emission

Energy

Images

This section contains an index of all the diagrams that appear in the RESOURCE LIBRARY.

00100-0-A-BL-EN-Facts about the Sun

00100-0-A-BL-EN-Facts-about-the-Sun-80

00200-0-A-BL-EN-Facts about Sunlight

00200-0-A-BL-EN-Facts about Sunlight-80

00300-0-A-BL-EN-Facts about White Light

00300-0-A-BL-EN-Facts-about-White-Light-80

00400-0-A-BL-EN-Visible Spectrum

00400-0-A-BL-EN-Visible-Spectrum-80

00500-0-A-BL-EN-Wavelengths from Red to Violet

00500-0-A-BL-EN-Wavelengths-from-Red-to-Violet-80

00600-0-A-BL-EN-Bands of Colour from Red to Violet

00600-0-A-BL-EN-Bands-of-Colour-from-Red-to-Violet-80

00700-0-A-BL-EN-Wavelengths Between Red and Violet

00700-0-A-BL-EN-Wavelengths-Between-Red-and-Violet-80

00800-0-A-BL-EN-Continuous Colour from Red to Violet

00800-0-A-BL-EN-Continuous-Colours-from-Red-to-Violet-80

00810-0-A-W-EN-Continuous Colour from Red to Violet

00810-0-A-W-EN-Continuous Colour from Red to Violet-80

00900-0-A-BL-EN-Long Waves to Short Waves

00900-0-A-BL-EN-Long-Waves-to-Short-Waves-80

00950-0-A-BL-EN-Wavelength and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

00950-0-A-BL-EN-Wavelength-and-the-Electromagnetic-Spectrum-80

00950-0-A-W-EN-Wavelength and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

00950-0-A-W-EN-Wavelength and the Electromagnetic Spectrum-80

01000-0-A-BL-EN-Features of Electromagnetic Waves

01000-0-A-BL-EN-Features-of-Electromagnetic-Waves-80

01100-0-A-BL-EN-Electric and Magnetic Properties of Light

01100-0-A-BL-EN-Electric-and-Magnetic-Properties-of-Light-80

01200-0-A-BL-EN-Comparing Wavelengths – Radio to Gamma

01200-0-A-BL-EN-Comparing-Wavelengths-Radio-to-Gamma-80

01300-0-A-BL-EN-Comparing Wavelengths of Red and Violet

01300-0-A-BL-EN-Comparing-Wavelengths-of-Red-and-Violet-80

01400-0-A-BL-EN-Frequency of Electromagnetic Waves

01400-0-A-BL-EN-Frequency-of-Electromagnetic-Waves-80

01500-0-A-BL-EN-Comparing Frequencies of Red and Violet

01500-0-A-BL-EN-Comparing-Frequencies-of-Red-and-Violet-80

01600-0-A-BL-EN-Electromagnetic Spectrum

01600-0-A-BL-EN-Electromagnetic-Spectrum-80

01630-0-A-BL-EN-Wavelength Frequency and Energy Compared

01630-0-A-BL-EN-Wavelength-Frequency-and-Energy-Compared-80

01640-0-A-BL-EN-Calculating the Frequency of Electromagnetic Waves

01640-0-A-BL-EN-Calculating the Frequency of Electromagnetic Waves-80

01660-0-A-BL-EN-Wavelength and Speed of Light in Different Media

01660-0-A-BL-EN-Wavelength-and-Speed-of-Light-in-Different-Media-80

01700-0-A-BL-EN-Why an Object Appears White in Sunlight

01700-0-A-BL-EN-Why-an-Object-Appears-White-in-Sunlight-80

01800-0-A-BL-EN-Why an Object Appears Red in Sunlight

01800-0-A-BL-EN-Why-an-Object-Appears-Red-in-Sunlight-80

01900-0-A-BL-EN-Why an Object Appears Orange in Sunlight

01900-0-A-BL-EN-Why-an-Object-Appears-Orange-in-Sunlight-80

01950-0-A-BL-EN-Why an Object Appears Yellow in Sunlight

01950-0-A-BL-EN-Why-an-Object-Appears-Yellow-in-Sunlight-80

02000-0-A-BL-EN-Why an Object Appears Green in Sunlight

02000-0-A-BL-EN-Why-an-Object-Appears-Green-in-Sunlight-80

02100-0-A-BL-EN-Why an Object Appears Blue in Sunlight

02100-0-A-BL-EN-Why-an-Object-Appears-Blue-in-Sunlight-80

02200-0-A-BL-EN-Why an Object Appears Violet in Sunlight

02200-0-A-BL-EN-Why-an-Object-Appears-Violet-in-Sunlight-80

02400-0-A-BL-EN-Why an Object Appears Cyan in Sunlight

02400-0-A-BL-EN-Why-an-Object-Appears-Cyan-in-Sunlight-80

02500-0-A-BL-EN-Why an Object Appears Magenta in Sunlight

02500-0-A-BL-EN-Why-an-Object-Appears-Magenta-in-Sunlight-80

02600-0-A-BL-EN-Why an Object Appears Transparent in Sunlight

02600-0-A-BL-EN-Why-an-Object-Appears-Transparent-in-Sunlight-80

03000-0-A-BL-EN-Combining Different Wavelengths of Light to Make White

03000-0-A-BL-EN-Combining-Different-Wavelengths-of-Light-to-Make-White-80

03050-0-A-BL-EN-Using RGB Colour to Mix Wavelengths of Light

03050-0-A-BL-EN-Using RGB Colour to Mix Wavelengths of Light-80

03100-0-A-BL-EN-Combining Red, Green and Blue Light

03100-0-A-BL-EN-Combining-Red-Green-and-Blue-Light-80

03200-0-A-BL-EN-Spectral Colour and the RGB Colour Model

03200-0-A-BL-EN-Spectral-Colour-and-the-RGB-Colour-Model-80

03300-0-A-BL-EN-Spectral Colours and the RGB Colours

03300-0-A-BL-EN-Spectral-Colours-and-the-RGB-Colours-80

03400-0-A-BL-EN-The Human Eye and RGB Colour

03400-0-A-BL-EN-The-Human-Eye-and-RGB-Colour-80

03500-0-A-BL-EN-Red light Projected onto a Dark Surface

03500-0-A-BL-EN-Red-light-Projected-onto-a-Dark-Surface-80

03510-0-A-BL-EN-Green Light Projected onto a Dark Surface

03510-0-A-BL-EN-Green-Light-Projected-onto-a-Dark-Surface-80

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Answer

The normal is an imaginary line drawn on a ray diagram perpendicular to, so at a right angle (90 degrees), to the boundary between two media.

Answer

Yes! Refraction takes place as light crosses the boundary between one transparent medium and another with a different refractive index.

Answer

Yes! Refraction takes place as light crosses the boundary between one transparent medium and another with a different refractive index.

Answer

A human observer is a person who watches something from their own unique point of view.

Answer

Yes! Light becomes diffused as it is transmitted through a medium or is reflected off its surface because of the effect of the scattering of light.

Answer

Total internal reflection means that all the light propagating through a medium is reflected when it reaches its boundary.

Answer

The reflectance of a surface refers to its effectiveness at reflecting light.

Answer

Yes! The angle of incidence of a ray of light as it strikes a surface is always the same as the angle of reflection.

Answer

In the field of optics, diffusion refers to the scattering of light as a result of reflection or transmission.

Answer

No! Human vision relies on trichromacy which is not the same as the RGB colour system.

However, when red, green and blue light is mixed together in different proportions the human eye sees all the colours of the visible spectrum.

Answer

Input a search term in the form above:

| Additive | Angle | | Cell | Chromatic dispersion | CMY | CMYK | Colour | Colour constancy | Colour | Colour model | Colour wheel | Continuous spectrum | Crest | Dispersion | Electric field | Electromagnetic radiation | Electromagnetic spectrum | Electromagnetic wave | Energy | Eye | Frequency | Gamma ray | Hertz | Incident light | Index of refraction | Law of refraction | Light | Long wave | Low frequency | Media | Medium | Monochrome | Non-spectral | Normal | Optical | | Optics | Primary colour | Propagate | Radio wave | Rainbow | Rainbow colour | Ray | Reflection | Refraction | Refractive index | RGB colour | ROYGBV | RYB | Secondary colour | Short wave | Sine | Snell’s law | Spectral colour | Speed of light | Subtractive colour | Tertiary colour | Transparent media | Vacuum | Visible light | Visible spectrum | Vision | Wave | Wavelength | White light |

Answer

A non-spectral colour is any colour that is not be produced by a single wavelength of visible light.

Answer

Yes! The wavelength and speed of light a ray of light change as they travel through different media.

Answer

The refractive index of a medium is calculated by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light as it propagates through another medium.

So the refractive index of a vacuum = 1 because the speed of light in a vacuum divided by the speed of light in a vacuum = 1.

Answer

The angle between the electric and magnetic field is 90 degrees.

Answer

Infrared and ultraviolet are forms of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths just outside the visible spectrum.

Answer

The unit used to measure wavelength is the metre.

Because the size of electromagnetic waves varies, different prefixes are used to aid measurement. Here are six examples: kilometre, centimetre, millimetre, micrometre, nanometre and picometre.

Answer

The frequency of incident light is unchanged as it travels from air into glass so its colour remains the same.

Answer

The unit used to measure the frequency of light is the hertz.

The frequency of visible light corresponds to a band of frequencies in the vicinity of 430–770 terahertz (THz)! There are a trillion (1,000,000,000,000) terahertz in a hertz!

Answer

Yes! As the frequency of oscillations of an electromagnetic wave increases the wavelength decreases.

Answer

Yes! Energy increases with frequency.

Answer

Violet has the highest frequency of visible light.

Answer

There are 1000 Kilohertz in one Hertz.

Answer

The hertz is used to measure the frequency of electromagnetic waves!

Because the frequency of electromagnetic waves varies enormously, different prefixes are used to aid measurement. Here are four examples: Kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz and terahertz!

Answer

There are trillion (1,000,000,000,000) picometres in a metre.

Answer

Yes! Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum.

Answer

Gamma rays have a shorter wavelength than radio waves.

Answer

Yes! Waves with lower frequencies have longer wavelengths.

Answer

The unit used to measure the wavelengths of visible light is the nanometre.

Answer

In the case of light waves, to propagate means to travels through a medium in a particular direction.

Answer

An electromagnetic wave is the result of the interaction of electric and magnetic fields.

Answer

Yes! A wave with lower frequency has a longer wavelength.

Answer

Gamma rays transport more energy than any other band of wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum.

Answer

Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths of any type of radiation within the electromagnetic spectrum.

Answer

The unit used to measure wavelength is the metre. Because the size of electromagnetic waves varies, different prefixes are used to aid measurement. Here are six examples: kilometre, centimetre, millimetre, micrometre, nanometre and picometre.

Answer

The range of wavelengths that correspond with green is between 570 – 495 nanometres.

Answer

Red has the longest wavelength whilst violet has the shortest.

Answer

Yes! Wavelength is measured in nanometres.

Answer

Yes! The colour of visible light depends on its wavelength.

Answer

Yes! A light wave is another name for an electromagnetic wave! But remember that not all forms of light are visible to the human eye.

Answer

When white light strikes an object, its colour is determined by which wavelengths of light are absorbed and which wavelengths are reflected towards the observer.

Answer

The ball is painted cyan! (Now check out the next question).

Answer

Sunshine is important to human beings because without light we can’t see.

Answer

Sunlight can be described in terms of both waves and particles.

Answer

Too much ultra-violet radiation causes sunburn.

Answer

Yes! The energy that the sun emits is called electromagnetic radiation.

Answer

No! Light only becomes visible when it strikes a medium or object.

Answer

No! The visible spectrum is just the small part of the electromagnetic spectrum our eyes are tuned to.

Answer

Because different wavelengths of light are reflected off the surface of objects. Every surface has unique properties.

Answer

Wavelengths visible to the eye are in a band between approximately 390 to 700 nanometres.

Answer

Yes! Visible light is a form of electromagnetic radiation.

Answer

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet are the bands of colour we see in a rainbow.

Answer

Red is the band of colour with the longest wavelength.

Answer

Violet is the band of colour with the shortest wavelength.

Answer

nm is shorthand for nanometre.

Answer

Rainbows produce spectral colours as sunlight is refracted by raindrops.

Answer

The invisible band of wavelengths next to red is infrared.

Answer

Yes! Each wavelength of light corresponds with a different colour seen by an observer.

Answer

The unit of measurement for wavelengths of visible light is the nanometre (nm).

Answer

When wavelengths of light corresponding with red, green and blue are projected at equal intensity onto a dark surface it appears white to an observer.

Answer

White light contains all the wavelengths of the visible spectrum at equal intensity.

Answer

Yes! Because the Sun radiates light at all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum it therefore also emits light at all wavelengths of the visible spectrum.

Answer

The Sun radiates light at all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Answer

Yes! As the frequency of oscillations of an electromagnetic wave increase the wavelength decreases.

Answer

Yes! Energy increases with frequency.

Answer

Hertz. Kilohertz. Megahertz. Gigahertz. Terahertz.

Answer

A light wave in a vacuum travels at 300,000 kilometres (km) per second! Or to be exact, 299,792 km/sec.

Answer

Yes! A wave-cycle can be measured from any point on a wave to the same point on the next wave.

Answer

The lowest point in the oscillation of a wave is called the trough.

Answer

Yes! light waves propagate through a vacuum in a straight line.

Answer

Blue and violet are two of the colours with the shortest wavelengths.

Answer

Red and orange are two of the colours with the longest wavelengths.

Answer

Some estimates of the number of colours the human eye can distinguish between run into the millions.

Answer

Yes! Every wavelength of light corresponds with a different colour.

Answer

Our eyes are tuned to visible light – the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Answer

Names for solar radiation include solar energy and light.

Answer

The sun emits electromagnetic radiation.

Answer

The sun generates energy as a result of thermonuclear fusion.

Answer

The star at the centre of our solar system is called the Sun.

Answer

Gamma rays have a higher frequency than any type of electromagnetic radiation.

Answer

Gamma rays transport more energy than any other form of electromagnetic radiation.

Answer

Shorter wavelengths = Higher frequency.

Answer

Lower frequency = Longer wavelengths.

Answer

Yes! The speed of light is affected by the medium through which it propagates.

Answer

The maximum speed of light occurs in a vacuum! Light travels in air at 99% of the speed of light in a vacuum.

Answer

No! Both crown glass and diamonds are slow media because they significantly reduce the speed of light.

Answer

No! The colour of a ray of light remains the same because frequency doesn’t change as light travels through different media.

Answer

Millimetres, centimetres, metres and kilometres are all used to measure the wavelengths of radio waves.

Answer

RGB refers to the colours red, green and blue. These are the primary colours used by the RGB colour model to mix wavelengths of light to produce a palette of as many as 16 million colours.

Answer

ROYGBV refers to red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet. ROYGBV are the spectral colours associated with rainbows and the diffusion of white light.

Answer

The visible spectrum is the small part of the electromagnetic spectrum our eyes are tuned to.

Answer

White light is the name for light containing all the wavelengths of the visible spectrum.

Answer

A continuous spectrum is produced by an inclusive band of wavelengths of light between any two points on the electromagnetic spectrum.

Answer

Additive primary colours are three wavelengths of light that produce white when combined together in equal proportions.

Answer

Red, green and blue are the three additive primary colours used in the RGB colour model.

Answer

Yes! Every spectral colour corresponds with a single wavelength of visible light.

Answer

The visible spectrum includes all the wavelengths of light the human eye is sensitive to and results in the colours we see between red and violet.

Answer

Additive primary colours are three wavelengths of light that produce white when combined together in equal proportions.

Answer

Spectral colours are all the colours between red and violet that can be produced by a single wavelength of light. Sunlight is composed of spectral colours.

Answer

A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths between 390 to 700 nanometers.

Answer

Yes! Each colour in a rainbow between red and violet is a spectral colour.

Answer

No! The colours produced by mixing RGB primary colours are not spectral colours because they are not produced by a single wavelength of light.

Answer

RGB is a colour model used to produce a full palette of colours by mixing red, green and blue light sources in different proportions.

Answer

Secondary colours are the colours produced by mixing pairs of primary colours in equal proportions. The RGB secondary colours are cyan, magenta and yellow.

Answer

Yes! ROYGBV are all spectral colours and so each can be produced by a single wavelength of light between 480 and 700 nanometres.

Answer

Yes! ROYGBV are all spectral colours and so can be produced by a single wavelength of light.

Answer

Yes! Spectral colours can be combined together to produce orange, yellow and violet in the correct proportions.

Answer

Cone cells are the light-sensitive neurons in the retina at the back of our eyeballs.

Answer

When red (660 nm), green (525 nm) and blue (460 nm) colours of light are projected at the same intensity onto a neutral coloured surface they produce white.

Answer

Cyan, magenta and yellow are the three primary colours used for digital printing. They are subtractive primaries, so mixed together they produce black.

Answer

When wavelengths corresponding with red, green and blue are projected onto a neutral coloured surface they produce white.

Answer

Red, green and blue are the three primary colours in the RGB colour model.

Answer

There are 6 tertiary colours in the RGB colour model! They result from mixing a primary and secondary colour. So a tertiary colour is produced by mixing red-yellow or green-cyan etc.

Answer

An RGB colour wheel is a way of exploring the relationship between red, green and blue primary colours when they are mixed to produce secondary and tertiary colours etc.

Answer

Spectral colours are the colours produced by different wavelengths of light. Sunlight and rainbows are composed of spectral colours. RGB colour is an additive colour model in which red, green and blue light is combined in various proportions to produce the appearance of other colours.

Answer

Red and green are the two primary colours of light that together make yellow.

Answer

When spectral colours are arranged in a diagram, the order in which they appear corresponds with their wavelength and so their place in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Answer

A computer screen uses the RGB colour model. Each pixel contains three tiny semiconductors that produce red, green and blue light! The colour we see changes as the intensity of light produced by each semiconductor increases or decreases!

Answer

Because a colour wheel demonstrates the effect of mixing different proportions of the three RGB primary colours – red, green and blue!

Answer

Cyan is a secondary colour in the RGB colour model!

Answer

In the RGB colour model green and blue are the two primary colours that together make cyan!

Answer

Yes! Cyan is a spectral colour with a wavelength of around 510 nanometres (nm).

Answer

Magenta is a secondary colour in the RGB colour model.

Answer

A printer that uses CMYK inks adds black (K) ink to cyan, magenta and yellow to produce deeper blacks.

Answer

No! There is no single wavelength in the visible spectrum that corresponds with magenta.

Answer

Cyan is a primary colour in the CMY colour model.

Answer

Blue and red are the two primary RGB colours that together make magenta!

Answer

When wavelengths corresponding with red, green and blue are projected onto a neutral coloured surface in equal proportions they produce white.

Answer

Inks corresponding with the three CMY primary colours produce black during printing because each colour subtracts from the wavelengths of light reflected off the paper towards an observer.

Answer

Overlapping wavelengths of light corresponding with cyan, magenta and yellow make white because, when reflected off a neutral coloured surface, each adds more wavelengths to the reflected light.

Answer

There are three primary colours in an RGB colour wheel.

Answer

There are twelve tertiary colours in an RGB colour wheel with eighteen colours.

Answer

Yes! All RGB colour wheels start with the three primary colours: red green and blue.

Answer

Yes! There are always secondary colours between primary colours.

Answer

No! Because of the way colour wheels divide up when using decimal or hexadecimal notation, the intermediary colours between secondaries do not always include tertiary colours. Tertiary colours are produced by using equal proportions of secondary colours.

Answer

Yes! Every colour on a colour wheel is produced by mixing equal proportions of the colours on either side.

Answer

Red, green and blue are the three primary colours used when building an RGB colour wheel.

Answer

Cyan, magenta and yellow are the three secondary colours when building an RGB colour wheel.

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Yes! Equal proportions of primary colours are used to produce secondary colours.

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Yes! Every colour in a colour wheel can be produced by mixing different proportions of red, green and blue primary colours.

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The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is a measurement of the length of a single oscillation of the wave.

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The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is a measurement of the number of wave oscillations passing a given point in a given period of time.

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Frequency of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum is calculated by dividing the speed of light by the wavelength of the wave.

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Yes! The speed of light depends on the optical density of the medium it is propagating through.

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300,000 kilometres per second.

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A ray is a narrow beam of light from a point light source. In a ray diagram, a light ray is a way of tracing the motion of light, including its direction of travel, and what happens when it encounters different media.

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Incident light refers to incoming light that is travelling towards an object or medium.

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Reflection takes place when incoming light strikes the surface of a medium, some wavelengths are obstructed, and the wavefront bounces off and returns into the medium from which it originated.

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Refraction refers to the way light changes speed and direction as it travels across the interface between one transparent medium to another.

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A medium is any transparent material through which an electromagnetic wave propagates (plural media).

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As light travels from a fast medium such as air to a slow medium such as water it bends toward ‘the normal’ and slows down. As light passes from a slow medium such as diamond to a faster medium such as glass it bends away from ‘the normal’ and speeds up.

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Snell’s law deals with changes in the angle of incidence and angle of refraction as light travels through different media.

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Refractive index (index of refraction) is a measure of how much slower light travels through a given medium than through a vacuum.

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The refractive index of a medium is calculated by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in another medium.

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When light crosses a boundary into a medium with a high refractive index (eg. diamond = 2.42) there is a significant change in direction.

When light crosses a boundary into a medium with a low refractive index (eg. water = 1.333) there is a less significant change in direction.

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Index of refraction is the other term used for refractive index.

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Snell’s law is the other term used for the law of refraction.

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In mathematics, the sine of an angle within a triangle is produced by calculating the ratio of the length of the side that is opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse).

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The angle of refraction as light crosses their boundary.

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Chromatic dispersion refers to the way that light separates into its component wavelengths (and so colours), under certain conditions.

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Every wavelength of light is affected to a different degree by the refractive index of a material and as a result changes direction by a different amount when passing from one medium (such as air) to another (such as glass).

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Yes! As light crosses the boundary from one medium to another through which it travels more slowly, then it will bend towards the normal.

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The angles of incidence and reflection are measured between each ray and the normal.

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Yes! Light travels faster in air than in glass.

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Yes! Every wavelength of light is affected to a different degree by the refractive index of a material and as a result, changes direction by a different amount when passing from one medium to another.

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The wavelength of incident light decreases as it travels from air into glass.

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Magenta is a primary colour in the CMY colour model.

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Red, yellow and blue primary colours produce a dark brown when mixed together because each colour subtracts from the wavelengths of light reflected towards an observer.

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Both are subtractive colour models. Subtractive colour models such as CMY or RYB are used for mixing paints, pigments, inks and dyes.

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Red, yellow and blue are the three primary colours used with the RYB colour model.

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The RYB colour model is a subtractive colour model widely used for mixing artists paints and introducing colour to children. It is well suited to powder, acrylic and oil paints.

How to use the Colour Finders

Use a desktop or laptop computer to view these Colour Finders
Select the Colour Finder you want to explore
The Colour Finder will open in the Image Library
Select the Finder again to open it as a PDF in your Browser
Select FULL-SCREEN MODE in your Browser
Use arrow keys [< or >] to move from page to page

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The frequency of a wave is a measurement of the number of waves passing a given point in a given period of time!

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Other names for sunlight include daylight, sunshine, visible light, light and electromagnetic radiation!

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All forms of light travel at 299,792 kilometres per second in a vacuum (almost 300,000 km/sec)!

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The largest unit used to measure the wavelength of electromagnetic waves is the kilometre!

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There are six secondary colours in an RGB colour wheel with six colours!

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Orange, green and purple are the RYB secondary colours.

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A subtractive colour model helps to make sense of what happens when different coloured pigments (eg. paints, inks, dyes or powders) are mixed together to produce other colours.

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Two further attempts will be made to collect pledged amounts.

If these efforts are unsuccessful the pledge will be recorded as unpaid, but the amount pledged will be counted towards the success of the campaign.

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