In physics, work is defined as the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied to an object, causing it to move in the direction of the force. The amount of work done depends on the magnitude of the force, the distance the object moves, and the direction of the force relative to the movement.
- The mathematical definition of work is:
- Work=Force×Distance×cos(θ)
- Where:
- Force is the applied force (in newtons, N).
- Distance is the displacement of the object (in meters, m).
- θ (theta) is the angle between the direction of the force and the direction of the displacement.
- Work is done when energy is transferred. For example, lifting a box transfers energy from your muscles to the box, giving it gravitational potential energy.
- Work is measured in joules (J), where 1 joule is equivalent to 1 newton of force causing an object to move 1 meter.
- Direction matters. If the force is in the same direction as the displacement, work is maximized (cos(0°) = 1). If the force is perpendicular, no work is done (cos(90°) = 0).
- Examples related to work:
- Pushing a car that rolls forward involves work because energy is transferred to the car, causing it to move.
- Holding a heavy object stationary involves no work because, although force is applied, there’s no displacement.