There are two principal types of neurons in the retina of the human eye: the rod and cone photoreceptors and ganglion cells.
There are four principal types of interneurons in the retina of the human eye: horizontal cells, Müller cells, bipolar cells and amacrine cells.
Rod and cone photoreceptors are sensitive to light and encode it into electrical signals that are transmitted via a complex network of interneurons to the ganglion cells, which then forward visual information via the optic nerve towards the brain.