Refraction, Reflection and Total Internal Reflection
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Description
Refraction, Reflection and Total Internal Reflection
Look carefully at the diagram at the top of the page. Now check out the following questions (and answers)!
About the Diagram
Introducing the diagram! Read back and forward between the image at the top of the page and the explanation below!
Have you already checked out An Introduction to Reflection, Refraction and Dispersion?
It is the opening page of our Reflection, Refraction and Dispersion Series and contains masses of useful information. This is the table of contents:
Overview
The diagram
- In this diagram sunlight or artificial light travelling through water reflects upwards off the body of the fish.
- For clarities sake, the diagram doesn’t show light travelling towards the fish.
- Check out our diagram dealing with the way parallel incident light rays scatter in different directions as they are reflected off the body of the fish: Sunlight Reflects off a Fish in Water
- Notice how the light reflected off the fish and towards the surface is incident to the boundary between water and air.
- As the incident light strikes the surface a proportion is refracted as it crosses the boundary into the air and a proportion is reflected off the surface back into the water.
- The diagram demonstrates the paths taken for a ray travelling parallel to the normal and striking the boundary at right angles and for rays at angles of 150, 300, 450 to the normal.
- Notice that the amount of light that is reflected increases as the angle increases but that above 48.60 total internal reflection takes place and all the light is reflected.
- Depending on the angle at which the light strikes the surface, different proportions are refracted or reflected.
- The ratio of the reflected intensity to the incident intensity is called the reflectance (R) and the ratio of the transmitted intensity to the incident intensity is called the transmittance (T). Energy conservation requires that R + T = 1 (if there is no absorption).
- The reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness at reflecting radiant energy.
- The transmittance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness at transmitting radiant energy.
Follow the blue links for definitions . . . . or check the summaries of key terms below!
Some Key Terms
Move to the next level! Check out the following terms.
Angle of incidence
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Angle of reflection
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Angle of refraction
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Law of refraction
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Reflection
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Refraction
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Wave diagram
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More Information
ABOUT SLIDES
Slides
All images on the lightcolourvision.org website are available for download as either slides or diagrams.
All slides share common specifications:
- Titles: All slides have titles.
- Backgrounds: Black, framed with a violet gradient.
- Size: 1686 x 1124 pixels (3:2 aspect ratio).
- Slides are available in two file formats: JPG, AI (Adobe Illustrator).
Slides are optimized for viewing on-screen or with a projector.
Diagrams are optimized for printing on A4 pages in portrait format.
ABOUT DIAGRAMS
Diagrams
All images on the lightcolourvision.org website are available for download as either slides or diagrams.
All diagrams share common specifications:
- Titles: No titles.
- Backgrounds: White.
- Size: 1686 pixels wide. So all diagrams reproduce at the same scale when inserted into Word documents etc.
- Labels: Calibri 24pt Italic.
- Diagrams are available in two file formats: JPG, AI (Adobe Illustrator).
Diagrams are optimized for printing on A4 pages in portrait format.
Slides are optimized for viewing on-screen or using a projector.
FILE TYPES - JPG
JPG file format
Download the image at the top of this page as a JPG file:
- All JPG images available for download are 1686px wide.
- Text on JPG images with white backgrounds is styled as Calibri 24pt Italic.
- If the image you need is not exactly right, download it as an AI (Adobe Illustrator) file and edit it.
- All the images on these Resource Pages were created in Adobe Illustrator and are vector drawings.
Did you know:
- JPG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group who created the standard.
- The JPG file extension is used interchangeably with JPEG.
- JPG files can be compressed for use on websites.
- JPG files can be placed or pasted directly into MS Office documents.
FILE TYPES - AI
AI (Adobe Illustrator) file format
Download the image at the top of this page as an AI (Adobe Illustrator) file:
- All AI images available for download from lightcolourvision.org are 1686px wide.
- All the images on these Resource Pages were created in Adobe Illustrator and are vector drawings.
- Vector drawing can be scaled up or down without any loss of quality.
Did you know:
- AI files downloaded from lightcolourvision.org can be re-edited using Adobe Illustrator for your own personal use.
- Adobe Illustrator can save or export AI files to other formats including PDF (.pdf), PNG (.png), JPG (.jpeg) and SVG(.svg) etc.
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Download agreement
Download Agreement
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If you are a student, educator or researcher you might also like to read our posts Copyright: Credit where credit’s due and Citation and bibliographies before copying and pasting material into essays, assignments or other academic work. They include advice on avoiding plagiarism and how to credit other people’s words, images and assets before submitting your work for marking or assessment. If you are confused, just ask a friendly teacher, librarian, or other member of academic staff.
Like to know more?
Please contact [email protected] if you have questions about any aspect of this project.