When light strikes an object, some wavelengths are absorbed and their energy is converted to heat, others undergo reflection or transmission.
- When light is absorbed by an object or medium, its energy is transferred to electrons and emitted as heat.
- Absorption of a particular wavelength of light into a material takes place when the frequency of the wave matches the frequency of electrons orbiting atomic nuclei.
- Electrons selectively absorb photons with matching frequencies.
- As electrons orbiting atomic nuclei absorb energy, they vibrate more vigorously causing atoms to collide with one which produces heat.
- When light is reflected off a surface it bounces off at the same wavelength with little or no change in energy.
Related diagrams
Each of the diagrams below can be viewed on its own page with a full explanation.
